The Dream Act And Daca Essay - 1405 Words

In the United States, there are countless affected families due to the Dream Act’s failure to pass. The Dream Act would have given many undocumented children the ability to have a pathway to citizenship. Proponents of The Dream Act believed in the social support within the family by supporting family unification. However, due to its failure to pass, millions of undocumented children are now at risk of being extradited and having their families separated. Although the U.S. government created a new policy known as the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), it is not providing immigrants with the same opportunity. DACA, instead, gives undocumented people the opportunity to not be deported for two years, but will never become a pathway to permanent citizenship or relief for their families. The Dream Act and DACA eventually affect the physiological, emotional, and mental health of the immigrants who live in the U.S. According to Bray (2016), DACA is not enough in quantity a nd quality to meet the demands of every immigrant. The act does not offer long-term benefits and like many social policies, it has strict requirements such as: age, education, continuous residence in the U.S. since June 2007, and arrival in the U.S. before the age of 16 (Bray, 2016, pg. 294) . By having these restrictions as part of the policy, it will not meet the needs of children wanting their parents by their side. The strict policies will not allow family members to get help from theirShow MoreRelatedThe Dream Act And Daca Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Dream Act’s failure to pass. The Dream Act would have given many undocumented children the ability to have a pathway to citizenship. The Dream Act believed in the importance of social support within the family by supporting family unification. However, due to its failure to pass, millions of undocumented children are now at risk of being deported and having their families divided. Although the U.S. government created a new policy known as the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), itRead MoreGateway Of The United States937 Words   |  4 Pagesundocumented students’ lives more reality which are â€Å"DACA and DREAMS Act†. DACA and DREAM act are the policies that have good benefits to young undocumented immigrants, however, there are downsides to this two policies that could harm immigrants who live in America illegally. In America, there might be 1.8 million out of 11.4 million undocumented immigrants that could qualify for DACA and Dream ACTS, according to Migration Policy institute DACA and Dream Act are the two laws that are significant for undocumentedRead MoreDeferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an executive order signed by President Obama in June 2012. DACA is a federal immigration policy that concerns illegal, undocumented immigrants that have that arrived in the United States prior to their 16th birthday, have been in the country since June 2007, and are under the age of 31 years old. Under DACA, eligible individuals are permitted to receive a renewable work permit, lasting two years, and to be exempt from deportation—underRead MoreDACA Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesStates Should Defend DACA DACA is federal government program created in 2012 former president Barack Obama. Nearly 800,000 young adults are now protected by this program. To request DACA, they must have lived in the U.S since June 15, 2007, until present, came to the U.S before 16th birthday, must be currently in school or have graduated or obtained a certificate of completion from High school (https://www.uscis.gov/archive/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca). This program has givenRead MoreImmigration During The United States1199 Words   |  5 Pagesan attempt to pass the Dream Act, which failed. However, the DACA program was successfully passed, but has it been beneficial? Unfortunately, it was not as effective as the Dream Act would have been. Immigration equality explains the new policy that was created by president Obama. â€Å"On June 15, 2012, President Barack Obama created a new policy that called for deferred action for eligible undocumented youth and young adults who were brought to this country as children.† (DACA). This executive orderRead MoreChildren Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagespass (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act) the Dream Act a few times, but unfortunately it did not pass. Although the act was not approved the first time they continued to try until it was successful. In 2010 the act was finally established, but only in selected states. The few selected states included were Texas, California, Utah, Washington, New York, Wisconsin, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, New Mexico, and Nebraska. The act was based only in selected states due to the amount ofRead MoreThe DACA Program ( Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals963 Words   |  4 Pages Perhaps the day of the termination of the DACA program (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) was a silent day for most of the people who have benefited from Obama’s policy to avoid deportation and be able to work and study inside the US. The silence is attributed to the fear and uncertainty, that old feeling that DREAMers experienced in a pre-DACA era—a time spent mostly under the shadows; a time that seems to prevail once again. The response of different entities has been supportive, includingRead MoreThe At The Uc, The Burden Falls On Students And The Administration950 Words   |  4 Pagesmany undocumented individuals are coming from. â€Å"A lot of us are able to be here because of our parents,† Stoicescu-Ghica said. â€Å"I come from a single-parent household, my mom worked like crazy for me to able to get this far to go school. â€Å"(The DREAM Act and DACA) creates a conflict within us personally. How can I advocate for myself when my parents are at home living this really shitty and difficult life?† Stoicescu-Ghica also noted that many undocumented students at the UC work. In his case, he estimatedRead MoreAnalysis Of United We Dream And The Federation For American Immigration Reform847 Words   |  4 PagesRepresentative of Washington, Dan Newhouse are two government officials who are actively involved with DACA. United We Dream and The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) are two interest groups who are also active in this policy problem. Representatives Scott Taylor and Dan Newhouse initiated a signed letter to the House Speaker Paul Ryan demanding for a passage of a permanent DACA solution before the year ends (House 2017). In total, Taylor and Newhouse were able to receive anotherRead MoreEssay On Trump Move To End Daca And Calls On Congress To Act1237 Words   |  5 PagesTrump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act On September 5, 2017, Michael D. Shear and Julie Hirschfeld Davis wrote the article, Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act. On this day, President Donald Trump said that he would be putting an end to the DACA Program that was created during Barack Obama’s Presidency. President Trump is now discussing the issue of revoking DACA due to his early comments in the election about immigration laws, â€Å"The announcement was an effort by Mr

Accounting Standards And The Financial Crisis Essay

Introduction The 2007 financial crisis renewed attention on accounting standards as stakeholders sought possible contributors to the crisis (Hellenier, 2011). Accounting standards are set regulations that limit the manner in which transactions are made and accounted for. They are meant to instill sanity into the financial system. The 2007 financial crises has been attributed to weak financial regulations which encouraged accounting malpractices like mis-presentation of the financial situation of businesses in order to keep investors interested (Hellenier, 2011). Accounting standards set requirements for the preparation and reporting of financial information. They, therefore, help minimize such incidences by facilitating the flow of accurate financial information to investors, creditors, regulators, banks, etc (Hertog, 2003). Having an internationally acceptable system of presenting this information brings sanity to the financial system in addition to increasing investor and consumer confidence in banking institutions, businesses, governments, etc. Financial standards have been quite efficient in improving the global financial transparency and stability. However, there still exist limitations in these standards, such as those manifested during the financial crisis where some financial institutions devised ways of evading regulation. In the event of such occurrences, accounting regulatory bodies are required to come up with new standards, or revise the existing ones so as toShow MoreRelatedEffects of the Global Financial Crisis on the International Accounting Standards2076 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Since July 2007, leading economist believe that this has been the worst financial crisis since the great depression. This essay outlines various viewpoints and influences in respect to the paradigm. Firstly it defines, Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the impact it has had on International Accounting Standards in regards to implementation and use of their accounting regulations. It also examines The Fair Value Measurement in accordance to the effect it has on the GFC and how the interpretationRead MoreThe Standards Of Accounting Standards830 Words   |  4 PagesAccounting standard set has become debatable topics in regards its function in real business. The standards of accounting have been developed throughout years and many countries has applied different accounting standard. However, as business world has become interconnected, there is an urged in need to have one stand-alone of accounting standards that could use worldwide. Therefore, many countries developed convergence of their accounting standard into International Financial reporting standard (IFRS)Read MoreFair-Value Accounting and the Financial Crisis Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesMarket crashes are nearly as old as the invention of money itself. But, as Gillian Tett underlines in Fool’s Gold, â€Å"the latest financial crisis stands out due to its sheer size†. Economists estimate total losses could sum up to $2000 to $4000 billion, a number surprisingly not dissimilar to the British Gross Domestic Product. In its post-mortem, the self-inflicted disaster has commonly brought to light the question: â€Å"Did bankers, regulators and rating agencies fail to see the flaws, or did they failRead MoreIas 39 Regulate About The Recognition And Measurement Financial Asset And Liabilities1356 Words   |  6 PagesIAS 39 regulate about the recognition and measurement financial asset and liabilities. Under this standard, financial asset classified under four types which are: financial asset valued under fair value, Loan and Receivable (LR), Available for Sale (AFS), and Hold to Maturity (HTM). Each classification has different treatment of measurement which are under FVA and amortisation. Amortisation of financial asset should applied Effective Interest Method (EIM) which followed the application of discountedRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis : Its Causes And The Global Responses Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment topic: Global financial crisis: its cause and the global responses Introduction The global financial crisis or economy crisis is commonly believed to have begun in July 2007 with credit crunch, when a loss of confidence by the US investors in the value of sub-prime mortgages caused a liquidity crisis. On the other hand, due to the big changes that took place over the last 20 to 30 years in the worldwide economy and the influence of 2007 financial crisis, it has re-emerged as one of theRead MoreCurrent Issues Financial Accounting1533 Words   |  7 PagesCritical analysis Article descriptions The journal article named â€Å"The crisis of fair-value accounting: Making sense of the recent debate† is written by Christian Laux and Christian Leuz in Accounting and Organisations and Society journal (2009). Mr Laux works as a professor of finance at the Goethe University in Frankurt and his research has been published in many journals. Mr Leuz works as a professor of International Economics at University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He has doneRead MoreFinancial Analysis1614 Words   |  7 PagesConsequences of Accounting During the 2008 Financial Crisis Group 3 October 4th, 2011 Actors in the 2008 Financial Crisis ï‚ §Ã¢â‚¬Ë† U.S. Government ï‚ §Ã¢â‚¬Ë† European Union o  Commission o  Political figureheads ï‚ §Ã¢â‚¬Ë† Banks o  U.S. o  E.U. ï‚ §Ã¢â‚¬Ë† International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) ï‚ §Ã¢â‚¬Ë† Investors and External Regulators 10/3/11 2 Actors in the 2008 Financial Crisis (US Government) o  Generally mentioned indirectly in the news articles o  Not in the forefront of the case, as banks were drivingRead MoreThe Reasons For European Sovereign Debt Crisis1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthe analysis above, the euro crisis could be partly ascribed to previous financial crisis in 2008. After deeply investigation, the failure could have a lot of thing to do with government regulation and management. The reasons for European sovereign debt crisis could categorized into two main issue; income and solvency problem as analyze above. Hence, this part will examine the failure of both private and public sectors from the angle of accounting. With the accounting aspect, the concept of accountabilityRead MoreFair Value Accounting Within Financial Crisis Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesof disputes in the field of financial reporting among different professionals, regulators and theoretitions .most of these disputes are related to the valuation of financial reporting components.the current curve in the progress of valuation is the push for and against the fair value approach.the purpose of this research is to examine the arguments on the use of fair value accounting and to identify the issues related to implementation of fair value accounting standards. Further, the results of literatureRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis1408 Words   |  6 PagesACCG 399: Accounting in Context Accounting’s Positivistic Tendencies: Overlaying a Social Science with Pure Scientific Rationale†¨Tutorial 5 - Week 6 Thought Activity The film ‘Inside Job’ is explained the occurrence of the global financial crisis in 2008. It has shown that lots of companies have bankrupted and millions of people lose their jobs and homes around the world. Such as United States, Iceland, England, France, Singapore and China. There is a sentence in this film has make me impressed

Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 free essay sample

Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Affordable Care Act) Passage of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 by Congress, followed by it’s signing by President Obama on March 30, 2010, completes a massive overhaul of the nation’s health insurance and health delivery systems. The Reconciliation Act amends the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, which President Obama signed on March 23. Combined, the two new laws include more than $400 billion in revenue raisers and new taxes on employers and individuals. The social and political struggles of the American population served as a key contributor to the push for the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 to be formed and written into law. These struggles include but are not limited to an increasing unemployment rate of the nation which essentially meant that the average American was becoming less and less able to provide for himself and his family, therefore making the prospect of getting health insurance or paying for higher education a weightier endeavor. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the number of Americans without healthcare was on an exponential rise and more and more people were unable to get healthcare, and take care of themselves, a condition that is detrimental to the GDP of the nation. The Affordable Care Act has shaped social, economic and political consciousness since its inception in 2010. More companies are open to providing their employees with health insurance options as the Affordable Care Act has increased subsidies to companies that provide their workers with healthcare options. The Act has also significantly increased the number of young adults with healthcare as children up to the age of 26 are able to stay under their parent’s health coverage plans. Also the $250 million the government provides in grants to the health insurance companies has assisted in cracking down on the premium hikes that were common in the pre-Affordable Care Act era. Now Americans can peacefully sign up for healthcare with the guarantee of fairly constant premiums that they know they can afford and keep up with. Numerous groups are opponents of the Affordable Care Act. Notable opponents of the Act are the Republicans and the more conservative and capitalist population of the nation. They believe that the reform would lead to government take over of healthcare and in the long run a socialist nation. They also believe that the implementation of the law would force tax payers to contribute tax dollars towards the funding of abortion; an issue that steal remains controversial in political gatherings and legislation. Lastly these opponents feel that the implementation of the Affordable Care Act into law in 2014 will ultimately drive companies to stop providing health coverage to their employees as they believe the bill does nothing to bring down the cost of healthcare as the government is transferring all the burden to the companies, strengthening their argument that the Act only strengthens a socialist system in America.

Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Engagement free essay sample

Review of literature The literature on employee engagement builds on earlier research and discussion on issues of commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), but means more than what these terms encapsulate. The defining distinction is that employee engagement is a two-way interaction between the employee and the employer, whereas the earlier focus tended to view the issues from only the employee’s point of view. Definitions of engagement ,or characteristics of an engaged workforce, focus on motivation, satisfaction ,commitment , finding meaning at work, pride and advocacy of the organization (in terms of advocating/recommending either the products or services of the organization, or as a place to work ). additionally , having some connection to the organization’s overall strategy and objectives and both wanting and being able to work to achieve them, are key elements of engagement. A recurring theme in the literature is the idea that engagement involves workers ‘going the extra mile’ , and exerting discretionary effort over what is normally expected. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Engagement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An organization’s productivity is measured not in terms of employee satisfaction but in terms of employee engagement . employees are said to be engaged when they show a positive attitude towards the engagement and express a commitment to remain with the organization. It is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards the organization and its values. An engaged employee is aware of the business context and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. Employee engagement 1. csikszentmihalyi (1975) studied the effect of engagement in organizational behavior is the notion of flow. He defines ‘flow’ as the holistic sensation that people feel when they act with total involvement. Flow ii the state in which there is little distinction between the self and environment . when individuals are in flow state little conscious control is necessary for their actions. Employee engagement is thus the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards their organization and its value. The organization must work to develop and nurture engagement which requires a two way relationship between employer and employee. Thus employee engagement is a barometer that determines the association of a person with the organization. 2. khan (1990) studied the effect of Engagement at work where as the engagement people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively and emotionally during role performances. He described employee engagement in his psychological literature as different from other employee role constructs such as job involvement , commitment or intrinsic motivation, asserting that it focused on how psychological experiences of work shape the process of people presenting and absenting themselves during task performances. Khan argued that engagement was a multidimensional construct in that employees could be emotionally, cognitively or physically engaged. For psychological engagement and organizational behaviors, the two major dimensions were emotional and cognitive engagement . mployees could be engaged on one dimension and not the other. The more engaged an employee was on each dimension, the higher his/her overall personal engagement. Khan asserted that employees experienced dimensions of personal engagement or disengagement during daily tasks. Engagement occurred when one was cognitively vigilant and/or emotionally connected to others. Disengaged employees uncoupled them selves from roles and withdrew cognitively and emotionally. They displayed incomplete role performances and were effortless, automatic or robotic. 3. Gallup (1999) study consist on more than 30 years of in-depth behavioral economic research involving more than 17 million employees. This research has appeared in prestigious business and scientific publications, including the journal of Applied Psychology and Harvard Business Review; first, break all the rules and 12: The Elements of Great Managing. Through rigorous research, they have identified 12 core elements – the Q12 – that link powerfully to key business outcomes. These 12 statement emerged as those that best predict employee and workgroup performance. Gallup’s latest meta-analysis (an analysis of data from more than 152 organizations) shows dramatic differences between top- and bottom –quartile workgroups on key business outcomes. Beyond the significant differences engaged workgroups show in productivity, profitability, safety incidents , and absenteeism versus disengaged workgroups we have proven that engaged organizations have 3. 9 times the earnings per share (EPS) growth rate compared to organizations with lower engagement in their same industry. The Gallup great workplace Awards was create to recognize companies with an extraordinary ability to create a engaged workplace culture . organizations can apply each year for this award based on the criteria such as organization size , minimum response rate and minimum results. 4. Aaron Sorensen in Perspectives (2007) examined the prediction of engagement, describe a methodology for measured it and share an approach for using engagement data to make workforce investments that ultimately increased productivity and derived business results. It draws on information collected as part of Sibsons 2006 Rewards of WorkSM (ROW) Study of over 1,200 American workers1, and provides important insights into the drivers of engagement and how organizations might improve engagement levels in ways that bring a significant return on investment. 5. Medlin, W Green (2009) investigated the relationships among goal setting, employee engagement, workplace optimism, and individual performance constructs. Goal setting is hypothesized as positively impacting employee engagement, employee engagement as positively impacting workplace optimism, and workplace optimism as positively impacting individual performance. Design/methodology/approach Data collected from a sample of 426 full- and part-time employees are analyzed following a structural equation modeling methodology. Findings The measurement and structural models fit the data relatively well. Goal setting positively impacts employee engagement, employee engagement positively optimism . Youssef Luthans (2007) examined the effects of hope, optimism, and resilience had in the workplace on 40 employees’ job performance, job satisfaction, work happiness, and organizational commitment. Hope and resilience had a more direct affect on organizational commitment whereas hope had a greater impact on performance. Hope allows employees to be better at created more realistic plans for completed task so as not to focus on the failure that accompanies an incomplete task. Optimism strengthens the employee’s resilience to break through barriers and causes the employee to build social support and other strengths to overcome obstacle he or she may encounter. 2. Arakawa and Greenberg(2007) investigated whether teams are more engaged and productive when led by an optimistic manager. Furthermore, they hypothesised that optimistic managers embody positive leadership-employing a strengths-based approach, maintaining a positive perspective, and frequently providing recognition and encouragement-which increases the engagement and productivity of their employees. The study used a cross-sectional survey design at two time points. The researchers developed a survey to measure this concept of positive leadership. In addition, two measures were used: the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) to measure optimism and the Gallup Organizations Q? to measure engagement. In a cross-sectional study of 86 employees and 17 managers in an Information Technology (IT) organization, positive leadership correlated with employee optimism, engagement, and project performance. When we looked at a subset of this data prospectively, with 39 employees and 14 managers, manager optimism predicted project performance. Our data support the claim that positive leadership is correlated with employee engagement and performance, and further extends the importance of optimism in the workplace. Coaching implications are also discussed, in terms of exploring how coaching psychologists can work with executives to develop their managerial style. 3. Medlin, Green (2009) investigated the relationships among goal setting, employee engagement, workplace optimism, and individual performance constructs. Goal setting is hypothesized as positively impacting employee engagement, employee engagement as positively impacting workplace optimism, and workplace optimism as positively impacting individual performance. Data collected from a sample of 426 full- and part-time employees are analyzed following a structural equation modeling methodology. The measurement and structural models fit the data relatively well. Goal setting positively impacts employee engagement, employee engagement positively impacts optimism, and optimism positively impacts individual performance, as hypothesized. Research limitations/implications Although data are collected from a relatively diverse group of respondents, the ability to generalize the findings is limited because the results are derived from a non-random sample. All measures are based on the perceptions of the respondents. Job performance is reported by each respondent may not reflect the supervisors performance rating and is not necessarily consistent with objective performance indicators such as sales generated by a marketing employee. Practical implications Results indicate that formal, structured goal setting processes lead to higher levels of employee engagement, that higher levels of engagement lead to improved workplace optimism, and that improved optimism in turn leads to higher levels of individual performance. Originality/value The paper provides empirical support for the implementation of management programs that foster goal setting, employee engagement, and workplace optimism for the purpose of enhancing the performance levels of individual employees. 4. Geers , Lassiter and Wellman (2009) this study is to investigated the circumstances under which a personality variable, namely dispositional optimism, is associated with successful goal engagement and attainment. Dispositional optimism refers to a generalized positive outcome expectancy (Scheier Carver, 1985). A great deal of research on dispositional optimism stems from the behavioral self-regulation model (Carver Scheier , 1981, 1998), which proposes that goal-directed action is guided by a series of negative feedback loops.

Pros and Cons of Job Sharing for Teachers

Pros and Cons of Job Sharing for Teachers Job sharing refers to the practice of two teachers sharing an employment contract. The contract split can vary (60/40, 50/50, etc.), but the arrangement allows two teachers to share the contracts benefits, vacation days, hours, and responsibilities. Some school districts do not allow job sharing, but even in ones that do, the interested teachers often must partner and come up with an agreement on their own to present to administrators for approval and formalization. Who Job Shares? Teachers returning from maternity leave may pursue job sharing to ease back into a full schedule. Others, such as teachers who want to simultaneously pursue a masters degree, teachers with disabilities or recovering from illness, and teachers nearing retirement or caring for elderly parents, may also find the option of a part-time position appealing. Some school districts promote job sharing in an effort to attract qualified teachers who would otherwise choose not to work. Why Job Share? Teachers may pursue job sharing as a means to teach on a part-time basis when no part-time contracts exist. Students can benefit from the exposure to different teaching styles and the enthusiasm of two fresh energized educators. Most teaching partners split the week by days although some work all five days, with one teacher in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Job-sharing teachers may both attend field trips, holiday programs, parent-teacher conferences, and other special events. Job-sharing teachers must maintain clear and constant communication and exercise extreme cooperation, sometimes with a partner who operates with a different teaching style and possesses different educational philosophies. However, when a job-sharing situation works well, it can be quite beneficial for the teachers, the school administration, and even the students and their parents. Consider the pros and cons of job sharing before you pursue an agreement with another teacher. Pros to Job Sharing The flexibility to work part-timeThe advantage of a schedule conducive to child care and family lifeThe accrual of years-of-service credits (toward retirement benefits) that would otherwise be lost (for example, upon resignation)The opportunity to work cooperatively with a chosen colleagueThe option to split curriculum by expertiseThe benefits of a two heads are better than one problem-solving approachThe convenience of a built-in substitute teacher Cons to Job Sharing Decreased benefits (medical, retirement, and other)Dependence on someone else for job securityExtra time (without extra pay) required to coordinate with a partnerLess control over classroom setup and environmentPotential for personality conflicts with teaching partnerPotential student discipline problems without consistent classroom expectationsEffort required to present a unified front to students and parentsLikelihood for important details to fall through the cracks if communication faltersPossible parental confusion about which teacher to contact with concerns Job sharing wont work for everyone. Its important to discuss the details, agree on every aspect of the arrangement, and weigh the pros and cons before signing a job-sharing contract.

Free Essays on Violence on Television

It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. "Violence on television does lead to aggressive behavior" (Methvin 49). ‘Nearly four decades of research on television viewing have documented the almost universal exposure of children to high levels of media violence’ (Norris, 187). Violence is a component characteristic of many television programs and unfortunately our lives. Every day we tend to watch news, and every day we hear that people were killed, robbed or tortured. What factors cause those violent and aggressive behaviors? Among broad other reasons such as mental health, personal characteristics and economic status there is the violence in media that gives people those nonsensical ideas and inspiration. Violence on television affects the behavior of children who are watching it. In fact, violence on TV causes children to be increasingly violent, and the effects could be life-long. â€Å"Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that continued exposure to violence can speed up the impact of the adult world on a child’s life† (Douglas Carter T. V. Violence and the Child). Exposure to violent material can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. It even could make the child have awkward approach to adult problems and they might even develop a desire not to become adults. There is a link between television violence and vi... Free Essays on Violence On Television Free Essays on Violence On Television In recent years there has been a major increase in the amount of violence aired on television and in films. For some movies like â€Å"Charlie’s Angels† and â€Å"Bad Boys†, the entire story involves violence and if the violent scenes were removed there wouldn’t be many scenes left. There has been a lot of criticism against violence in television especially in chldrens cartoons recently. Many psychologists believe that violent movies cause kids to become violent. There have been a number of attempts to show a direct relation between violence and criminal activity. Many of these are biased as the criminals who are interviewed after being sentenced are usually more than happy to place the blame of their activities on some other circumstances. I personally believe that the popularity of these movies is due the natural interest of human beings to have some form of violence in their lives. In our highly evolved society, most forms of violence are shunned, except for â€Å"American football† and â€Å"action movies†. Both may seem mindless to some individuals, but in general, they are very popular among most men and women. In some very rare cases certain individuals tend to become violent after viewing this form of visual media but this may not necessarily be due to the television and could just be a natural trait of the person. Millions of people watch violent television every day, if this had a direct impact on a person we would be seeing a lot more violence then we are seeing today. A more realistic explanation for the correlation between criminals and violent television would be that the violent scenes just bring out the violent traits in some people, who are naturally violent.... Free Essays on Violence On Television It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. "Violence on television does lead to aggressive behavior" (Methvin 49). ‘Nearly four decades of research on television viewing have documented the almost universal exposure of children to high levels of media violence’ (Norris, 187). Violence is a component characteristic of many television programs and unfortunately our lives. Every day we tend to watch news, and every day we hear that people were killed, robbed or tortured. What factors cause those violent and aggressive behaviors? Among broad other reasons such as mental health, personal characteristics and economic status there is the violence in media that gives people those nonsensical ideas and inspiration. Violence on television affects the behavior of children who are watching it. In fact, violence on TV causes children to be increasingly violent, and the effects could be life-long. â€Å"Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that continued exposure to violence can speed up the impact of the adult world on a child’s life† (Douglas Carter T. V. Violence and the Child). Exposure to violent material can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. It even could make the child have awkward approach to adult problems and they might even develop a desire not to become adults. There is a link between television violence and vi... Free Essays on Violence on Television According to the psychological researcher, violence on television affects children negatively. Studies at the University of Pennsylvania have shown that children’s television shows contain about twenty violent acts each hour. They also showed that children who watch a lot of television are more likely to think the world is a mean and dangerous place. Watching violent television can cause people to act in violent ways (Mudore, 5) Children often behave differently after they’ve been watching violent programs on television. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 pre-school children were observed both before and after watching television. Some watched cartoons that had many aggressive and violent acts. Others watched shows that didn’t have any kind of violence. The researchers noticed real differences between children who watched the violent shows and those who watched the non-violent ones. Children who watched the violent shows were more likely to strike out at playmates, argue disobey authority and were less willing to wait for things than those children who watched non-violent programs (Gerbner, n.pg). There are three major effects of seeing violence on television. First, children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Next, children may be more fearful of the world around them. Also, kids may be more likely to behave in an aggressive ways towards others (Kalin, n.pg). One study found that children who watched many hours of television violence when they were in elementary school tended to also show higher levels of aggressive behavior when they became teenagers. By observing these youngsters until they were 30 years old, studies found that ones who had watched a lot of TV when they were 8 years old were more likely to be arrested and prosecuted for criminal acts as adults (Stern, 7). TV violence can have long-term effects on a child’s future. According to the Mediascope Nation...

None Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

None - Assignment Example Many people believe that a hero is a person with extraordinary skills that tend to be slightly higher than the ordinary people. This is a perception that has killed many dreams, as people are not confident of their efforts and ability to respond to certain tasks. As per my perception, a hero is a persistent and determine person. Actually, anyone is possession of the two attributes is fit to be called a hero in any societal setting. This is because heroes are always determined and persistent towards achieving their goals despite the challenges that they face. The success of most politicians has always depended on various things including excellent communication skills, political background and influence from the ruling government. It has been proven that several successful political leaders have entirely relied on the support they have from the ruling government to cling into power. However, it is essential to appreciate that excellent communication skills plays an important role in an individual’s political success. For instance, a political aspirant whose main intention is to create change within the society should be capable of influencing his supporters through good communication. Over the past years, there have been numerous opposing views concerning president Barrack Obama’s political achievements. Many people believe that he is not a politician by nature, but rather a good public speaker. The paper will try and validate the hypothesis that United States’ president, Barrack Obama, used his communication skills to accomplish his political dream. This study is essential because it will provide rational answers to the opposing views hence people will have a viable platform to defend their opinions. Voters will also use this information to address the problem of leadership vacuum in their countries by only supporting politicians who can efficiently present their problems to the government through excellent communication. According to

DB1 Kroger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB1 Kroger - Essay Example A case in point is the assertion that the firm has managed to mitigate competition fronted by the likes of Whole Foods. The above findings were shared by Plunkett (2011) who also noted that KR’s tendency to acquire firms, as was the recent case with the Harris Teeter, has solidified the company’s foundation. By engaging in merger or acquisition of other firms coupled with the never-ending commitment to innovation, KR’s success could be said to long lasting. Besides availing facts on the company, the writer has demonstrated impeccable research skills as evidenced by a couple of things. First is the accuracy clarity of the figures about the company. For instance, Smith (2013) who asserts that the company’s sales have remained ahead of other firms besides Walmart further confirms the reporting of KR’s sales increase. Secondly, the writer was able to provide KR’s share price, which is currently $70. The three areas the writer has provided more than just clarity is the financial and industry position, and the subsequent economic outlook. In addition, by concluding the company’s investment potential to be okay, the writer’s assertions are informed by the in-depth research as well as tremendous statistical projections. Evidently, this paper’s quality can only be termed superb since it has met all the requirements in terms of facts, arrangement and avoidance of plagiarism. For that reason, this work is hereby described as exemplary for the reasons

The news is a window on the world Essay Example for Free

The news is a window on the world Essay Using information from the items and elsewhere, assess the sociological arguments against the view that the news is a window on the world. It is perhaps correct to state that TV News has probably become the most common source of information that we rely on to gain knowledge about life outside our day to day experiences. News broadcasts are conscientiously handled to give a sense of seriousness and reliability; however some critics have suggested that it is a manufactured and manipulated product involving a high degree of selectiveness and bias. If so, is it possible for TV News to be still seen as a window on the world? Instead of being an impulsive reaction to world events, many reports are planned well in advance. According to Schlesinger (1978), the news diary enables journalists and broadcasters to plan their coverage, and select and book relevant experts. It also allows them to purchase news items from press agencies and also receive press releases from pressure groups, government agencies, private companies and individuals, all of whom wish to publicise their activities which could mean that the needs of these advertisers are made central when decisions about the content of the media are finalised. This happened when there were suspicions that the link between smoking and lung cancer was slow to be reported because of the importance of tobacco companies advertising. The time of a news broadcast and who is thought to be watching, or the readership profile of a paper, will also influence the selection of news. It is assumed that at lunchtime TV programme is likely to be aimed at women or pensioners, and early evening programming is likely to be aimed at schoolchildren as those are the groups of people most likely to be watching television at that particular time of day. These institutions have a public image which they need to maintain in order to attract their audience and it is what is wanted and expected. The News of the World, for example, thrives on over-reported sex and scandal which must be catering to some audience in demand of this type of news. News producers are desperate to be the first to break the news and will go to great measures to get what they need in order to sell. Accepting evidence from sources without appropriately checking its reliability can lead to a biased view in favour of the official side of the argument. Financial considerations and resources available can also influence the news. The point at which the news companys financial year-end falls can affect how, and even whether, costly news items are covered. ITN had spent most of their 1991 overseas budget covering the Gulf War when news of the protests in Tiananmen Square broke and so were unable to capture some of the most memorable images of the decade. For this reason and the availability of space and time, sometimes stories are included or excluded simply because they need to be formed into a logical and consistent bulletin containing a number of items that will take exactly the same amount of time to put across each day. We do our best to give a clear picture of what is going on. In that sense the news is a window on the world, explains an anonymous journalist in 2000, Of course we cant include every detail, or interview every person involved, we try to cover stories in a way that will interest and inform them. Journalists work is often referred to as gate keeping, where they must make decisions by using a number of news values identified by Galtung and Ruge (1973) to determine what is and is not newsworthy. According to these sociologists, events that are dramatic and negative in their consequences, events that can be considered extraordinary, personalised or concerning important figures become newsworthy and cross the gate to become news. Gatekeepers have the power to control what is seen in the news thus curtaining the window on the world and not allowing us to see the depth and broad variety of news from all around. The Glasgow University Media Group (GUMG) has carried out content analysis for many years which involves detailed analysis of the language and visual images used by the media. Along with the traditional Marxists, they argue that all of the news selection is deliberate and the result of conscious manipulation. They have found that the media constantly reflects the familiar theory of the powerful in society, whilst marginalising the view of others. It may indicate a white, male, middle-class viewpoint, as many people in the media are drawn from these social backgrounds. There is a hierarchy of credibility whereby only certain groups are asked for their opinion, as they are seen to be more reliable and their remarks more valid. Protesters tactics are more likely to be reported than their views, experts and establishment figures are more popularly heard than ordinary people. This can be displayed as only a small fraction of the window overlooking the great big world. As a final approach to this question, in contrast to all the conclusions made about media being manipulated in accordance with powerful authorities, the pluralist view, argue that the news reflects the full diversity of viewpoints in society and that certain views will dominate in each situation, whereby the bias is usually inconsistent. The work of the GUMG shows that the media do not just reflect public opinion but that they also provide an agenda for the public, so that people think about issues in a way that benefits the ruling class and help maintain the capitalist system. In this respect the media are a powerful ideological influence and so news cannot be a window on the world if what we are looking through, is a blurred reality.

The Power of Fear in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeth     Ã‚  The Tremendous Power of Fear Fear motivates us to do many things, whether they are right or wrong.   In the play Macbeth, fear was the main motivation that influenced the outcome of the play. This can be proved by the subsequent murders after Duncan's. Why were these committed? Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done.   Also, look at Lady Macbeth. The constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking, and other behavior like this is done out of fear. It resembles her husband fear of being caught.   The final piece of proof is Macbeth's actions. They were all due to fear, not only of being caught but of the witches' prophecies. He was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening.   This whole play was inspired by fear and what it can do to a person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good first example of this principle can be illustrated by the subsequent murders that Macbeth committed after he killed Duncan. Macbeth had just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on his son.   It worked, and he became King. However, he remembered the witches' prophecies.   They claimed that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquo's children that would follow after him.   This made Macbeth very angry, and he risked everything to become King. Unfortunately, his family would never wear the crown after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only for them; and mine eternal jewel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given to the common enemy of man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Act III, S I, L 72-75]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, his sons will become Kings.   Macbeth can not have this. He had already worried that his soul will go to hell for what he had done. His fear become evident in this scene also, "But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep;" [Act III, S I, L 53-54] Macbeth has Banquo murdered,   And Banquo’s son Fleance manages to escape from the attack.   Next, Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. The witches tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduff's family. The fear of losing the impending battle with England makes Macbeth begin doing anything that will give him an edge in the final battle. The Power of Fear in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Macbeth     Ã‚  The Tremendous Power of Fear Fear motivates us to do many things, whether they are right or wrong.   In the play Macbeth, fear was the main motivation that influenced the outcome of the play. This can be proved by the subsequent murders after Duncan's. Why were these committed? Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done.   Also, look at Lady Macbeth. The constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking, and other behavior like this is done out of fear. It resembles her husband fear of being caught.   The final piece of proof is Macbeth's actions. They were all due to fear, not only of being caught but of the witches' prophecies. He was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening.   This whole play was inspired by fear and what it can do to a person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good first example of this principle can be illustrated by the subsequent murders that Macbeth committed after he killed Duncan. Macbeth had just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on his son.   It worked, and he became King. However, he remembered the witches' prophecies.   They claimed that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquo's children that would follow after him.   This made Macbeth very angry, and he risked everything to become King. Unfortunately, his family would never wear the crown after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only for them; and mine eternal jewel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given to the common enemy of man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Act III, S I, L 72-75]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, his sons will become Kings.   Macbeth can not have this. He had already worried that his soul will go to hell for what he had done. His fear become evident in this scene also, "But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep;" [Act III, S I, L 53-54] Macbeth has Banquo murdered,   And Banquo’s son Fleance manages to escape from the attack.   Next, Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. The witches tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduff's family. The fear of losing the impending battle with England makes Macbeth begin doing anything that will give him an edge in the final battle.

What Is the Future of Social Media

What is the future of social media? In research for this discussion, I came up with a few insights on what I foresee coming up next in the world of social media. †¢ The physical and digital worlds will be more highly connected than ever before – already today we are able to run in the park and track our progress online while sharing it with our friends or track our weight loss, or even our ovulation (well, some of us, that is) with iPhone apps that connect to our Facebook and twitter profiles and enable us to keep track of our progress as well as share the data with our friends. Facebook, Twitter and other major social networks will become increasingly what Fred Wilson coins â€Å"Social Dashboards†. In essence, Facebook and Twitter are social channels on which other companies can grow and develop their own technologies and businesses. Both Facebook and Twitter have created economies far larger than many nations. †¢ Until now, brands have been very concerned w ith bringing as many people as possible to their pages. Consumer brands can now finally reap the fruits and build social commerce stores where Facebook users (all 700 Million of them) can purchase products on their favorite social network without needing to go to any destination site. Facebook will become one of the major channels of future online shopping. †¢ Companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon are currently collecting information about each and every one of us: Our likes and dislikes, our interests and disdains. Soon in an age of Web 3. 0, an age of Semantic Web, we will no longer need to search for information on the Web as information will find us based on all this data which companies are collecting. The right information will be served to the right people at the right time, saving us all a lot of time, effort and energy. †¢ Mobile technology will become more dominant and NFC technology will be developed further enabling it to offer us special promotions, coupons and ips based on our geographical location and the interest graph. †¢ Human Relationships will no longer be as physically dependent and we will befriend and hang out with people from all over the world and all walks of life, all ethnicities and all beliefs, creating a worldwide melting pot. †¢ We will no longer be passive media consumers. Media will interact with us in dynamic ways on all platforms. Just like gamers playing WOW today, we will all become a part of a virtual world unknown to us yet where we will all be avatars in the game of life. †¢ As the Web is overloaded with more information, the content that we are exposed to will become more and more customized to our needs as companies will large sums of money to companies like Facebook and Google, making sure that the information we are exposed to is highly targeted to our interests. Rather than experiencing information overload, we will actually experience the opposite effect. †¢ Companies will understand better how to measure the ROI of social media and realize that social media is not about the number of people brands have in their communities but rather the amount of engagement that they see on their page and the overall online sentiment they faced this month as opposed to the last. †¢ Services will become increasingly crowd sourced. Whether it be the way that we get from point A to point B (Waze), the way that we find answers to our questions (Quora), the manner in which we test our Websites (uTest), the way that we get things done (Fiverr) or the way that we share information (Wikipedia). Source: www. http://thenextweb. com http://blog. hubspot. com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/7850/What-Is-the-Future-of-Social- Media-Marketing-Marketing-Cast. aspx http://www. slideshare. net/derickson/the-future-of-social-media-marketing http://irclay. hubpages. com/hub/The-Future-of-Social-Media-for-Hotel-Marketing-Travel-and-Tourism

Guns, Germs, and Steel Study Guide

AP World History Summer Reading Assignment Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1: Up to the Starting Line Q: What was the Great Leap Forward? Describe the life of a Cro-Magnon person. What impact did the arrival of humans have on big animals? Provide an example. Which continent had a head start in 11,000 BCE (Before Common Era)? A: the great leap forward was when human history first began to take off and the humans at that time began to become more like us modern humans today. The humans that were most similar to modern humans were called Cro-Magnon. Cro-Magnons were hunter-gatherers and they exceeded in that area.They produced diverse tools with distinct shapes that are easily identified with modern tools. The Cro-Magnons were very advanced compared to early humans and this showed in their tools and the fact that they not only made tools of stone, but also bone. Around the arrival of humans it was said to be that many large animals became extinct and many believe humans were to blame. We ather it was because humans directly killed the large animals for food, or if they did it indirectly through their actions to the surrounding environment, that is still being debated.There are many examples of large animals becoming extinct that can be given, such as the common one the wooly mammoth. Now, the Cro-Magnons were like most modern humans and were very advanced compared to other humans on other continents, but is it because they are from the continent of Africa? The author states that in 11,000 BCE Africa was the one continent that had a head start because it is the continent where humans began to first develop. Chapter 3: Collision at Cajamarca Q: Write a paragraph explaining your views on the event of November 16, 1532.What strikes you the most? Why was Pizarro so successful? A: On the event of November 16, 1532 conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his army of only 168 men more than attacked the Inca town of Cajamarca, populating about 80,000 people. They slaughtered them . In this chapter it tells of how undefeated Pizarro and his army are. My views on Pizarro is he is a smart man considering his strategies used in battle. The author tells how Pizarro had only a dozen guns and how he used them more in a psychological way than physically to kill.What strikes me the most is how Pizarro and his men killed 80,000 Indians when there was only 168 of them and not one of his men were harmed. It says how they would fire the guns and it would scare and panic the Indians and that close to all Indians were killed by swords and daggers. I find this strategy really wise and I think it is a part of why Pizarro was so successful in conquering and defeating others. Chapter 4: Farmer Power Q: Write a paragraph explaining the chart. Do you agree with the authors conclusions? What advantages are gained by being the first to domesticate animals?A: The chart in this chapter is explaining the factors that allow some people to overcome others. For example, the factor of ha ving domesticated animals and plants allowed epidemics and diseases. However, at the same time domestic animals and plants provided sustainable food. I agree with the author’s conclusion and the chart because it is true that something good and beneficial may also cause harm. On the note of having domesticated animals and plants, to many it gave them an advantage. It allowed, like I said before, sustainable food.That food source enabled many to be fed and it led to tows being built. With that food supply, it also led to army being built to protect that food supply and town. As for the domesticated animals they helped for food as well and for example, animals such as horses would help give an advantage to soldiers in war. Domesticated animals and plants acted as a strong base that allowed further growth and development. Chapter 8: Apples or Indians Q: Why was the Fertile Crescent predisposed to have such a potent head star in so many areas of development: writing, cities, and e mpires?What reason does the author give for cannibalism in New Guinea? A: The Fertile Crescent had a head star in many areas of development. The reason being, it’s many advantages. The Fertile Crescent had advantages such as, good climate, natural crops that grow there, and its wide range of altitude. The Fertile Crescent having these advantages allowed people to settle there. Just like domesticated plants and animals acted as a base for people, the Fertile Crescent did the same. Using it as a base people then began building up owns to cities to eventually empires and having the ability to write. However, the people of New Guinea were not as luck. They were no good at hunting and gathering and were not very lucky in finding fertile ground to farm. According to author, James Diamond, due to protein starvation the people of New Guinea turned to cannibalism. Chapter 9: Zebras, Unhappy Marriages, and the Anna Karenina Principal Q: Identify and define the Ancient Fourteen. What is domestication? Which animals most helped Eurasians?A: The Ancient Fourteen is a list of â€Å"big† animals that were domesticated before the 20th century. 9 of the 14 are not common animals and are only found in certain parts of the world. They are referred to as the Minor 9 and those animals are the Arabian camel, the Bactrian camel, llama/alpaca, donkey, reindeer, water buffalo, yak, banteng, and gaur. The 5 left over animals from the list are the most important and common of the ancient 14. Those 5 animals are cows, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs.All of these animals were domesticated and that means they were tamed to accentuate traits that are beneficial to humans. Domesticated animals diverged from their wild ancestors and are different in ways such as size, appearance, and behavior. Eurasia’s large ecological diversity and land mass helped them to be able to domesticate animals. Those domesticated animals helped them out a lot like horse, pigs, water buffalo, ya k, gaur, banteg, and auroch. Chapter 10: Spacious Skies and Tilted Axis Q: Why did people who lived on an east-west become the world’s conquerors?What was it about the Americas and Africa that put these two continents at a developmental disadvantage? A: As talked about in previous chapters the Fertile Crescent is just as it is called, fertile. Due to the Fertile Crescent being fertile, it allowed crops to grow in a surplus and therefore, the people there were able to develop much quicker than others. The Fertile Crescent is located on an east-west axis and lands along the east-west axis tend to have the same day length and seasonal variations. They also have in common, similar diseases, temperature, rainfall, and habitat.With that said, the crops from the Fertile Crescent expanded along the east-west axis allowing what happened to the Fertile Crescent to of happen to the rest of the east-west axis and it is also what allowed the east-west axis to become the world’s con querors. The east-west axis is very consistent and it differs from the north-south axis. Unlike the east-west axis, the north-south axis does not share similar things such as seasonal changes and day length. That makes it harder for a crop that has already developed, for example, to the north, to be moved to the south or vice versa.This factor right here gave the Americas and Africa, two continents on the north south axis, a developmental disadvantage. Chapter 16: How China Became Chinese Q: Why was China able to dominate East Asia? A: It first began with language. In China, they are 8 â€Å"big† or main languages spoken. As the Chinese began to spread to South China and throughout Asia they became vigorous in converting other ethnic groups’ languages and forced then to abandon their native tongue. Basically, the Chinese thought their language was superior and others were inferior.Then, China began to influence others with their production of food. China had a head sta rt on food production compared to others and was first to domesticate a lot of things over there, such as pigs. Another popular item that was produced by the Chinese that spread was rice. A main factor that allowed China to dominate East Asia along with food and language was their writing system. That was a big step that allowed them to advance. It was a single well-attested writing system and it was perfect enough to replace any other systems being use in China at the time.

Psychological diagnosis essays

Psychological diagnosis essays Psychological diagnosis of Jack Nicholson's character in "As Good As It Gets" Jack Nicholson's character "Melvin Udall" in the film "As Good As It Gets" meets the criteria outlined in the DSM-IV for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCD). The character of Melvin demonstrates the high needs for order, perfection, and control seen in patients with OCD. Much of his time is dominated by getting prepared and organized. Furthermore, his over-attention to what seem to most to be minor details prevents Melvin from necessarily seeing things from a larger perspective. Also, Melvin does not have any meaningful personal relationships, which is also characteristic of people with OCD. He wants everyone to cater to his way of doing things, and doesn't allow for the give and take necessary for friendships. Melvin appears stiff and impossible to others, unable to feel any emotions or empathy. Overall he seems not to be happy. Melvin's extreme need for order, perfection and obsessive control is evident through his varied compulsive behaviors. When Melvin enters his apartment, he closes the door and proceeds to turn each lock on his door five times. This is obviously an irrational behavior, but Melvin feels it is necessary to heed to this routine each and every time his door is opened and then closed. Also, while walking down the street as well as within buildings, Melvin avoids stepping on cracks in the sidewalk or between tiles at all costs. Melvin eats at the same restaurant, at the same table, with the same waitress every day. He also orders the exact same meal, and becomes very irate if anything in this context does not go according to his routine. Melvin also has an unreasonable obsession with cleanliness. Each time he washes his hands he uses a brand new bar of soap. In fact, he uses a new bar of soap for not only each wa...

Preparing for the First Certificate Examination for Free

Preparing for the First Certificate Examination for Free Cambridge Universitys First Certificate Examination (FCE) is probably the most widely respected English learning certificate outside of the United States. Examination centers around the world offer the First Certificate Exam twice a year; once in December and once in June. In fact, the First Certificate is only one of a number of Cambridge examinations aimed at levels from young learners to business English. However, the FCE is certainly the most popular. The tests are given in Cambridge University approved exam centers using Cambridge University approved examiners. Study Strategy Studying for the First Certificate Exam usually involves a long course. First Certificate preparation course can last 120 hours and involve a difficult (and long) exam which contains five papers including: ReadingWritingUse of EnglishListeningSpeaking There are few resources on the Internet for First Certificate preparation. However, you can  find practice tests, wordbanks, and practice  exercises. You can use these materials to prepare for the exam or to check to see if your level of English is right for working towards this exam. About the Test Before beginning to study for the First Certificate, it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. Practicing techniques on test taking can help you understand general test-taking preparation. The best way to understand the specifics of the FCE is to go straight to the source and visit the introduction to the exam at Cambridge Universitys EFL site. For information about where the First Certificate is placed on the European 5-level scale, you can visit this informative page. Listening Finding FCE-specific listening practice exercises can be difficult, so get creative! Visit the BBCs audio and visual page and listen to or watch various ABC programs. The exam is purely British English, so its best to listen to this classic British radio station.

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Final Exam - Essay Example Angela’s Ashes and The Glass Castle are typical examples of memoir. A good memoir must contain a catchy title, a good introduction, plot, a complication to be resolved, striking details, and a major theme. Wang Ping’s (War book) had a particularly impression on me. The book is about forbidden books. Ping tells about his memoir on reading forbidden books with a girl he met one morning. On their first encounter, as Ping reads Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales, tears linger in his eyes. Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales, must have had contained emotional content to drive both Ping and the girl into tears; this fascinates me. A proposal is a problem-solving task where the writer helps reader understands about a give issue. The effects and causes of a give problem are outlined and suggestions on viable solutions discussed. There are four types of proposals namely, internal, external, grant, and solicited. An internal proposal involves problems facing a give organizat ion or company and solutions to tackle these issues. External proposal involve providing solutions to problem affecting another organization. Grants are same as internal or external proposals only that they are used by nonprofit organizations for obtaining funding. Solicited proposals originate from request of proposals. A proposal contains the introduction where the problem to be solved in introduced. After the introduction, we have the body where the problem is analyzed and a plan on how to solve the problem detailed. Benefits of the solution given are then outlined and a conclusion drawn. An argument, based on Johnson-Sheehan and Paine is defined as a pattern where both sides of a controversial issue are explored and explained in fair fashion. Same sex marriage, gun control, death penalty, or assisted suicide can provide fertile grounds for arguments. Three aspects are fundamental in any argument. First, there must be a statement to be argued about; this is where the writer will advance her thesis statement. The next aspect is exploring the issue and convincing the reader on their point of view while reputing the views of their opponents. Below is an argument on same sex marriage. Marriage has been defined as the basic unit of a family. There are many discussions on marriage, transgendered persons, moral issues, and on whether same sex marriage is right or wrong. Personally, I believe on the tenets of freedom, equality and justice. That said, I think that same sex marriage is not only wrong, it undermines the family unit of father, mother and children. Those who advocate for same sex marriage typically do not have the idea of an ideal society in mind. Though anyone should love whoever they like, when it come to marriage marrying a person of your own sex is plain wrong. The basis of marriage is to continue a person lineage and thus survival of human kind. If a good portion of the population marries people of their own sexes, chances are that after an extende d period, the human race will be extinct. Some, may argue that they could adapt or procurer artificial insemination. Well both of these techniques are unnatural and often quite expensive and may not be viable for everyone. Also, when God created man, he intended him to get married to a woman. By marrying a person of their own, a person commits sin. This is virtually the case for almost all major religions. That said, I think that clergymen conducting same sex marriages are misleading their congregation. Same sex

Small Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Small Business - Essay Example de opportunities to take care of the small businesses by women and people with disabilities who cannot compete with the rest, researching on their behalf and then providing the findings that enable them know the opportunities present in the federal government that they can benefit from, teaching them sustainability techniques, acquisition processes and even opportunities for contracts. The HUBZone is a program by the federal government that provides contracting assistance from the federal government to small businesses that are located in the historically underutilized business zones. Before 1997 when the HUBZone was not passed, small businesses were not given contracts to perform their businesses in these historically underutilized business zones hence there was no stimulation of capital in these areas. Following an increase in employment needs, the federal government considered contracting the businesses into these areas. In order to land this federal government contract however, there are several qualifications that need to be complied with which include; the business has to be small, the ownership must be 51% from a US citizen (since these are security sensitive areas), the main office which they refer to as the â€Å"principal office† must be located within the HUBZone ensuring all main activities take place in that area, the employees must be residing in any HUBZone area (at least 35% of them) and finally, the US Small Business Administration has to have certified the business first before the contract is granted. If these conditions are fulfilled, then a contract will be awarded (Dilger, 2011). Smart Pay is a billing system that is online. This system allows for businesses people to send their invoices and other accounting documents, payments and conduct other services electronically without the physical appearance of the business person to conduct all those activities. This online billing services that takes place by the use of an electronic card is

Integrity Approach in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Integrity Approach in Business - Essay Example owed and practiced, expectations that exist when the task is being carried out, and outcomes that the actions will bring (Martin, Vaught, Solomon, 2010). In the field of ethics is about the honesty that you practice. If we consider the concept if integrity in the domain of business world. Integrity would mean being truthful and being honest. When a person is trading an object, it is his integrity that he will disclose, the benefits and as well as the flaws that exist in the product instead of marketing the positive sides of the products only. Integrity is the opposite concept of hypocrisy. It is about a person being ethical and remaining constant with the actions that are ethical and that are expected of him. It is true that a person will lose the confidence that others have in him if he lies or double crosses, similarly in case of businesses, to maintain integrity it is important that business should always deliver the promise that they are making to the customers, it is also necessary that the business follows all the rules and laws that are laid down by the government. There are repercussions if they are not followed and this usua lly costs the business more than the cost that the company had to pay to deliver the promise that they have actually made. It is also necessary that the business should only make claims that are deliverable for them (Ciulla, Martin, Solomon, 2007). Today with increased globalization the roles of corporations has changed drastically, today the companies are the ones that are many times majorly dictating the terms and the rules of the trade and the economies of the place. The role of governments as reduced dramatically and drastically as increased globalization has caused the world to become quite enmeshed in each other and therefore, the rules are set by organizations as international trade also increased dramatically. Corporate governance is one method through which the organizations are able to know how they should behave with each

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View from the Bridge Essay Explore how Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of act one. Comment on this scenes importance to the play overall. A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller explores the complicated lives and relationships between a family living in the slums of New York. This particular play is set in a slum called Red Hook which is strongly patriarchal, and where there is a large Sicilian, volatile community where many homes harbour illegal immigrants and the fear of their discovery is high. Within this society, tensions are high because of fear that they would be found hiding illegal immigrants in their home, which is what a lot of the anxiety in the play is based on. Alfieri tells us, the audience, about the importance of justice and how justice is often administrated outside rather than inside the law. This generates fear as we anticipate that people within the society will not necessarily abide by the law. Miller creates tension at the very beginning of the play by demonstrating the fact that the area is prone to violent attacks, we hear of the Vinny Bolzano incident on page 23 in which Vinny snitched to immigration that they were hiding illegal family members in their home. Beatrice describes how three flights his head was bouncin like a coconut after his brothers and father threw him out the house and on to the street. Before the play even starts, we can tell that Miller will aim to sustain a tense atmosphere throughout the play from the way Alfieri says: and watched it run its bloody course. The end of this act centres on Eddie Carbone and his family (Beatrice and Catherine) who are joined by Rodolpho and Marco (illegal immigrants), sitting together after a meal. The story so far has introduced tensions which are later developed and twisted into a devastating conclusion. We have already met Eddie Carbone the tragic protagonist of the play. He is constantly self-interested, wanting to promote and protect his own innocence. We are made aware at the beginning of the play of Eddies protection over Catherine, his niece. He says to her youre walkin wavy, and I dont like the looks theyre giving you in the candy store. This is a clear demonstration of the fact that maybe he feels a little more for her than family love, an issue which becomes inflamed when Rodolpho is introduced to the story. The relationship between Catherine and Eddie shows conflict, which effectively leads to and causes dramatic tension. Eddies possessive and protective nature is channeled through Catherine, and initially an audience may perceive this to be an effect of the male-dominated society in which they live in. This explains why he is so cynical and nervous as well as angry when Rodolpho is asked to dance by Catherine. Tensions have appears to have formed with Catherine. Eddie is becoming increasingly jealous and aggravated by this which is shown before this scene has even started from the way he says to Beatrice, the guy aint right. When Catherine asks Rodolpho to dance, he is immediately reluctant in deference to Eddie who, as it says in the stage directions, freezes, and Rodolpho claims I-Im tired. Tensions have already risen within the past few pages between Marco and Rodolpho and Eddie after arguing about whether they paint oranges and lemons, which leads the audience to believe that Marco and Rodolphos joint defiance against Eddies behaviour will become more of an issue later in the play. Rodolphos initial hesitation to dance with Catherine shows his determination not to annoy Eddie any further, however, Catherine is insistent. Eddie reacts by questioning Rodolphos masculinity, which adds to tensions because in the area where the play is set, masculinity and dominance over others is very significant. Eddies speech Its wonderful. He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses shows that he is clearly trying to mock Rodolpho. He obviously feels as though his dominance in his house is being threatened by him, therefore creating tension. Miller uses powerful symbolism in his writing to portray Eddies character and express his emotions to the audience. We are made aware of Eddies disapproval and anger of the situation, and Miller writes stage directions to express this. For example, Eddie seems to retreat to his rocker when he feels uncomfortable and wants to remove himself from the situation. This is his place, and as a male, he is very protective over his space and it belongs to him and only him. His newspaper is also symbolic. He uses it as his way of hiding away, for example, when the stage directions say Eddie goes to his rocker and picks up his newspaper after being told about Marco and Rodolpho having been to Africa. He later lowers his paper, indicating that he has chosen to engage in the situation. This is another example of his desire to keep himself to himself, which effectively communicates unease to the audience. The use of the pause is also significant in the build-up of dramatic tension. For example, when Eddie has just insulted Rodolpho, there is a silence: Eddie Well, thats all Im asking. Eddie reads his paper. There is a pause, leading to an awkward atmosphere. Now Catherine gets up and puts a record on the phonograph This is an uncomfortable moment of tension. Catherine breaks the silence by putting on Paper Doll, but it creates more tension by increasing the friction between Catherine, Rodolpho and Eddie. Catherine also uses it as a way of provoking Eddie by asking Rodolpho to dance. This scene is a complete contrast to earlier on in the play where Miller showed Catherine to be obedient and respectful towards Eddie. This sudden change in Catherines behaviour is partly due to the conversation earlier on in the play with Beatrice about how Catherine needs to become more independent from Eddie. Miller also uses dramatic devices to create tension such as violence when Rodolpho boxes with Eddie at the end of act one. When the stage directions say, rubbing his fists together, it shows that Eddie is trying to release his anger and frustration on Rodolpho for interfering with Catherine and his relationship with her. This creates tension as they boxing at each other. Soon after, when Marco challenges Eddie and says Can you lift this chair? and he cannot, Marco then does it and holds the chair high above his head, whilst glaring at Eddie. This threatening pose creates very visual tension for the audience, as Marco has upstaged Eddie and robbed him of his male dominance in his own home. When the end of act one arrives and the play has an interval, the audience are left on the edge of the their seats and feel anxious to know the outcome of the events they have just witnessed. The tension build-up up until this point leaves the audience at a great ease, because the play so far has left questions unanswered and problems unsolved, meaning that the audience are spending the interval relating to the characters discomfort in the play. This scene in particular is significant to the climax of the play because it sets up Eddies destiny to fail and lose his self-control. The events that happen at the end of this scene could be described as the beginning of the end, as it is this moment that effectively leads into and foreshadows the escalation of tension and drama right to the end of the play. Eddies frustration at the situation of Catherine and Rodolphos increasingly passionate relationship lead him into his feud with Marco, which in the end is what kills him. Eddie sets himself up for his own downfall, and this is the scene where it all escalates from.

A Psychological Reading of The Fountainhead :: Fountainhead

A Psychological Reading of The Fountainhead  Ã‚     Ã‚   Real independence is a trait of mind. It is a commitment to one's own perception of reality as an absolute standard of thought and action. Why was this so hard for Peter Keating to distinguish between "Self" (what I am) and "Ideal Self" (what I wish I were)? It is evident that Peter Keating's incongruent self-concept is the result of Keatings' beliefs that conditional love from others could only be obtained by distorting his experiences in order to portray the "Ideal Self". This form of personality development starts from childhood experiences and can be directly connected to the amount of congruence or incongruence of one's experience in life. Keating is a prime example of incongruency or someone that registers every little move within the environment. Keating has a constant fear of what is perceived within the consciousness of others, which he spends his entire life trying to appease and control. (Rogers, 1961) Keating is basically a hypocrite, by saying one thing and acti ng in an opposite manner. Keating is not the only hypocrite. Keating is relieved when he notices that Guy Francon is putting on a front for his benefit. It means that Francon too is a man like Keating, with the same attitude toward the consciousness of others. This way of thinking was accurately described as Ayn Rand uses Roark's words in his last courtroom speech, "The man who attempts to live for others is a dependent. He is a parasite in motive and makes parasites of those he serves. The relationship produces nothing but mutual corruption. It is impossible in concept. The nearest approach to reality - the man who lives to serve others - is the slave." ( Fountainhead, p. 680) When Keating first proposes to Dominique, he speaks rapidly, easily, and so sure of himself it was not difficult. A lie is described as an effort to manipulate the consciousness of others, a way that comes too natural to Keating. Though he is an intelligent man, not without some heart, he is fundamentally inc apable of being honest. The concept of truth, the grasp of reality in Keating's mind is different and frightening. Rand uses the terminology "second-hander" to describe the Peter Keatings' of the world. "The choice is not self-sacrifice or domination. The choice is independence or dependence. The code of the creator or the second-hander.

Citizens United Case

In January 2008, Citizens United released a documentary that was critical of Senator Hilary Clinton and planned to run commercials of it at that time. However, through the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, also known as the McCain-Feingold Act which â€Å"prohibits corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech that is an ‘electioneering communication’ or for speech that expressly advocates the election or defeat of a candidate†, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the commercials violated the act.The case was brought up to the Supreme Court and would be one of the more important cases about the First Amendment with a controversial decision. On March 24, 2009, the Supreme Court took oral arguments from Malcolm Stewart, then Deputy Solicitor General representing the Federal Election Commission. He pointed out that with the current laws in place for the campaign-finance s ystem, even a book that had the same content as the documentary would be banned. An even more disturbing point that Stewart made was that the government could ban a book that has just one sentence about candidate advocacy.This caused the Supreme Court to ask the parties to reargue the case due to two cases that Stewart used: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce, a statute that prohibited a corporation to use its funds for or against a political candidate, and McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, the decision that upheld the constitutionality of the McCain-Feingold law. The reason for rearguing the case was to determine if they, the justices, should overrule those two decisions. The court reversed the ruling from the lower court and overruled Austin v.Michigan Chamber of Commerce and partially overruled McConnell v. Federal Election Commission. The overall ruling was 5-4 with Justice Steven’s dissent that was joined by Justice Breyer, Ginsberg, and Sotomayor. Justice Ke nnedy, part of the majority opinion, believed that â€Å"If the First Amendment  has any force, it prohibits Congress from fining or jailing citizens, or associations of citizens, for simply engaging in political speech. † In general, the Justices in the majority opinion believed that the case was based mostly on the First Amendment.Due to freedom of speech, corporations, whom the Justices believed were counted as individuals, could not be denied their right to voice out their opinion on running officials. The justices that favored the ruling brushed aside the warnings that might result in overturning the lower court’s decision. The dissenting justices warned that treating a corporation’s right to speech to be the same as an individual human was dangerous. However, eight of the justices agreed that Congress can require corporations to disclose how much they spent and to have disclaimers in the absence of facts.Chief Justice Roberts, one of whom that was part o f the majority opinion, believed that â€Å"the important principles of judicial restraint and  stare decisis  implicated in this case† had to be addressed. He believed that overturning a past decision, such as Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce and McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, in certain circumstances were necessary. Roberts stated that cases such as segregation and minimum wage would not be as of what they are today if it were not for judicial activism. Justice Stevens wrote a passionate dissent that was joined by the other three Justices who opposed the ruling.He stated that the Court’s ruling â€Å"threatens to undermine the integrity of elected institutions across the Nation. † Because corporations and the general public could now spend unlimited money to promote or demote politicians who are running for office anytime, Stevens fears that it would cause an large disturbance in the election process. Although the majority opinion did not touch the laws about direct contribution to the candidates, part of the argument was whether a direct contribution versus an indirect contribution was the same thing.The time between the case being introduced to the Supreme Court until the official ruling of the case created a large amount of publicity and different opinions. President Obama believed that the decision gave the corporations too much power to influence the election process. However, other politicians such as a Senate Republican leader, Mitch McConnell, believed that the First Amendment applied to corporations which would let corporations to voice out their opinions on campaigning officials. The fundamental question here is whether the Supreme Court’s decision in Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission a good decision or a bad decision. I personally feel that the arguments from both sides were valid. The fact that Congress essentially denied a form of free speech from a corporation is unconstitutional in m y opinion. However, my opinion in corporations becoming involved in political campaigns where they might have a large impact on how people view a certain politician is that it is not fair. I believe that the decision made by the Supreme Court was good in part of retaining the First Amendment’s freedom of speech but bad in part of the campaigning process for politicians.The decision gives too much power to a corporation versus the general public. If a corporation was allowed to spend without limit in the elections, politicians could strategically support a topic that the corporation would benefit from. This would result in the corporation to have the power to directly contribute in the campaign by running their own ads that promotes the politician. Campaigning would then become a war of getting the support of many of the biggest corporations. This gives too much power to the corporations and essentially removes the voices of the general public.As Obama pointed out in his state of the union address in 2010, it would also give the power to foreign corporations to help fund a certain election. I strongly oppose any kind of foreign involvement in any political activity in the United States. With the potential of candidates to â€Å"sell-out† to corporations would just ruin the whole election process. With the potential of unlimited spending of corporations, not only would they be allowed to endorse a political candidate, but they would also be able to attack candidates such as the documentary made by Citizens United.With the current campaigning process, political candidates have created attack ads that give negative images of an opposing candidate. Now that corporations can voice their opinions, there may be an increase of these attack ads. Through an ethical standpoint, it ruins the integrity of the election process. The election process would not just become a fight between politicians to gain support from corporations but also a fight of who can de stroy another candidate’s image to the public.It not only defaces the opposing candidate, but it shows how dirty a politician can be. The election process turns into an all-out fight between candidates who would deploy such a tactic. With the inclusion of corporations now, it would worsen the current state of the campaigning process. I see why the Justices would overrule the lower court’s decision due to the First Amendment. The argument made by Malcolm Stewart definitely gave the impression that the law was too restrictive in such a way that it banned any forms of view from a corporation of a political candidate.I would agree with how the law would be unconstitutional through Stewart’s argument; however, I would oppose it through an ethical view. A poll conducted by Washington Post showed that eight in ten poll respondents opposed the decision made by the Supreme Court. William Rehnquist, a former Supreme Court justice, also opposed the decision made by the cou rt by joining the dissent made by Stevens. Sandra Day O’Connor, also another former Supreme Court justice, made a point that the checks and balances on campaign spending were demolished. However, O’Connor was an author of McConnell v.Federal Election Commission. The Supreme Court’s case about allowing the Westboro Baptist Church to protest at military funerals is similar to this case due to both cases involving the right to free speech. In both cases, the general public did not like the ruling; however, it made sense constitutionally. There may be alternatives that Congress can take in battling the problems of corporations being involved in political campaigns. Although the court overruled it, I believe that there should be some sort of regulation on how much a corporation could spend on a candidate.Instead of limiting the corporation’s freedom of speech, why can’t we limit how much they can endorse a candidate? One can argue that money is not spee ch, so limiting the amount a corporation could spend would be constitutional. Another way to tackle the problem is to let shareholders decide on the political expenditures made by a corporation, as Great Britain does. This would let a larger majority decide on what the corporation would do for political expenditures. However, even though it is still a larger pool of people, they probably will still act in the interest of the company due them be driven by profits.Now that the court has made its decision, corporations can now spend as much as they want on politics. Many problems would arise due to this; however, it would still be constitutional. I believe that the decision of overruling Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and partially overruling McConnell v. Federal Election Commission was good due to following the First Amendment. However through a practical stance, it would create a large possibility of corrupting the campaigning process. Bibliography Eggen, Dan. â€Å" Poll: Large majority opposes Supreme Court's decision on campaign financing.   Washington Post17 February 2010, n. pag. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/17/AR201 0021701151. html;. Hasen, Rick. â€Å"CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS' CONCURRING OPINION IN CITIZENS UNITED: TWO MYSTERIESCHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS' CONCURRING OPINION IN CITIZENS UNITED: TWO MYSTERIES . â€Å"Election Law Blog. N. p. , 23 January, 2010. Web. 17 Feb 2012. ;http://electionlawblog. org/archives/015118. html;. â€Å"High-Court Hypocrisy. †Ã‚  Newsweek. 22 January 2010: n. page. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. thedailybeast. om/newsweek/2010/01/22/high-court-hypocrisy. html;. Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Justices, 5-4, Reject Corporate Spending LimitJustices, 5-4, Reject Corporate Spending Limit . †Ã‚  New York Times  21 January 2010, n. pag. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/22/us/politics/22scotus. html;. Liptak, Adam. â€Å"O’Connor M ildly Criticizes Court’s Campaign Finance Decision. †Ã‚  New York Times  26 January 2010, n. pag. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://thecaucus. blogs. nytimes. com/2010/01/26/oconnor-mildly-criticizes-courts-campaign-finance-decision/? p;. Robert, John. â€Å"Roberts, C. J. , concurring. † n. pag. Legal Information Institute. Web. 17 Feb 2012. ;http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/08-205. ZC. html;. Scalia, Antonin. â€Å"Scalia, J. , concurring. † n. pag. Legal Information Institute. Web. 17 Feb 2012. ;http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/08-205. ZC1. html;. Smith, Bradley. â€Å"The Myth of Campaign Finance Reform. â€Å"National Affairs. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Feb 2012. ;http://www. nationalaffairs. com/publications/detail/the-myth-of-campaign-finance-reform;.